【英有盡有】10個考前必知常犯語文錯誤
2021.03.11
【名師助你SURE WIN DSE英文科必勝攻略‧英有盡有精選舊文重溫】
今次讓我分享一下考試必須留意的文法語法問題。
要列出10個常犯的英文作文語文錯誤真的很難，始終學生的錯誤也是英有盡有。今次先探討一下名詞、動詞和句構，有機會再討論其他錯誤。
關於動詞
(1) lack（缺乏）
❌ Many students lack of time for leisure activities.
✅ Many students lack time for leisure activities.
✅ Many students are lacking in time for leisure activities.
lack 的常用句構：
a) There + be + a lack of + N.（lack 作名詞）
b) N. + lack + N.（lack 作動詞）
c) N. + be + lacking in + N.（lack 作形容詞）
謹記 lack 作為動詞的時候，它是一個及物動詞，後面直接加上名詞，不能加上 of。
(2) let（容許）
❌ Employers should let employees to go home on time.
✅ Employers should let employees go home on time.
let 的正確用法是 let + sb. / sth. + bare inf.，中間不需要加上 to。另一個與它意思相近的動詞 allow 則需要 to：
✅ Employers should allow employees to go home on time.
(3) emphasise（強調）
❌ We should not emphasise on results; the process is more important.
✅ We should not emphasise results; the process is more important.
emphasise 是一個及物動詞，後面直接加名詞，不用加上 on。千萬不要跟名詞 emphasis 混淆，emphasis 的正確用法是 lay / place / put + emphasis + on + N.：
✅ We should not lay emphasis on results.
(4) suggest（建議）
❌ I suggest you to do more exercise.
✅ I suggest that you (should) do more exercise.
✅ I advise you to do more exercise.
suggest sb. to do sth. 是一個錯誤的結構，我們只可以寫 suggest that SVO 或 suggest doing sth.。但是同學要注意 advise sb. to do sth. 是對的。
關於名詞
(1) advice（忠告）
❌ Let me give you an advice.
✅ Let me give you a piece of advice/ some advice.
advice是不可數名詞，所以我們不能寫 an advice，要強調一個忠告，可以寫 a piece of advice 或 a word of advice。
(2) research（研究調查）
❌ She has conducted an extensive research into breast cancer.
✅ She has conducted extensive research into breast cancer.
❌ According to a research, ...
✅ According to a research study, ...
research 這個字很特別，它有複數形態的，但是這個字沒有單數形態，所以我們只可以寫 research，如果強調一個調查，我們可以寫 a research study。
(3) staff（職員）
❌ There are 50 staffs in this company.
✅ There are 50 staff members in this company.
staff 指全間公司的所有員工成員，如果要強調多少名員工，必須寫成 staff members 才對。
(4) society（社會）
❌ There are many conflicts in the society.
✅ There are many conflicts in society.
當 society 泛指由所有人士構成的「社會」時，不需要加上 the，而且不可數的。但是，如果 society 解作「學會 / 組織 / 社團 / 協會」或者某個社會「階層」時，可以加 the，而且可數的。
關於句式
(1) Anticipatory it
❌ We are important to have a balanced diet.
✅ It is important for us to have a balanced diet.
it is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 是一個常見句構，這句的 it 實指 to have a balanced diet，而重要的事情是均衡飲食，而不是 We，所以不能說 we are important ...。
(2) There have ...
❌ There have many people.
✅ There are many people.
其實大家都學過 there + be 的句構，但總會寫錯成 there have。這個錯誤涉及中式英文，廣東話的確是「嗰度有幾多個人」，但是背後真正意思是「存在多少人」，而不是「擁有多少人」，所以不能用 have。
轉載自2021年9月18日星島學生報《S-file 悅讀語文》
